CAS publication compares reference identity

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

State current = new(0);
int notices = 0, attempts = 0;
void Increment()
{
    for (int item = 0; item < 50; item++)
    {
        while (true)
        {
            State before = Volatile.Read(ref current);
            var next = new State(checked(before.Count + 1));
            Interlocked.Increment(ref attempts);
            if (!ReferenceEquals(Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref current, next, before), before)) continue;
            Interlocked.Increment(ref notices); break;
        }
    }
}
OwnedThreads.Run(Increment, Increment, Increment, Increment);
Console.WriteLine($"current:{current.Count}");
Console.WriteLine($"committed-effects:{notices}");
Console.Error.WriteLine($"candidate-attempts:{attempts}");
sealed record State(int Count);

public static class OwnedThreads
{
    public static void Run(params Action[] actions)
    {
        var errors = new ConcurrentQueue<Exception>();
        var threads = actions.Select(action => new Thread(() => { try { action(); } catch (Exception error) { errors.Enqueue(error); } }) { IsBackground = true }).ToArray();
        foreach (var thread in threads) thread.Start();
        foreach (var thread in threads) if (!thread.Join(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(8))) throw new TimeoutException("Owned worker did not finish");
        if (!errors.IsEmpty) throw new AggregateException(errors);
    }
}

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
    <LangVersion>13.0</LangVersion>
    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
    <PublishAot>false</PublishAot>
  </PropertyGroup>
</Project>